Learning Theories A Comparison Of Behavioral And...

Learning Theories: A Comparison of Behavioral and Cognitive Views Cognitive and behavioral learning theories tend to dominate modern discussions of learning theories. Employed in both educational and clinical settings, both have important contributions to understanding how and why individuals learn. Is one approach statistically better than the other, or do they each have their own place where one approach may be more effective under specific circumstances? Each theory has supporters who claim the efficacy of their theory is superior. Comparison of the theories is necessary to determine if one is significantly better than the other, or even if one theory may be slightly more effective than the other. Determining if one competing theory†¦show more content†¦Although Watson was not the first to suggest an empirical and objective approach to psychological research he was the first to offer a coherent and organized program, and is often viewed as the catalyst for behaviorism, especially among American psychologists (Bewsbury, 2013). Perha ps the most famous behaviorist is B.F. Skinner (b.1904-d.1990). Skinner’s approach almost completely disregarded anything outside of observable behaviors, and his strict approach to looking at anything other than observable behaviors resulted in the development of the term radical behaviorism (Feist et al., 2013). There is no single theorist or group that the cognitive theory of learning was built upon, it is a multifaceted approach built upon information presented by numerous contributions of many theorists (Yilmaz, 2011). However, it is generally accepted that cognitive learning theory was pioneered by Jean Piaget and further expounded upon by Lev Vygotsky in the 1920’s (Ormrod, 2012; Yilmaz, 2011). Cognitivism was birthed as a result of behaviorists failing to explain how and why individuals process information and make sense of the information that has been processed (Yilmaz, 2011). Concepts Behaviorism is rooted in the belief that behavior should be studied scientifically, and

The Night And Maus Book Review Essay - 1365 Words

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during World War II, Winston Churchill, once said, â€Å"Those who fail to learn from history, are doomed to repeat it.† Throughout Elie Wiesel’s autobiography, Night, his faith in humanity, his belief in God’s justice and his childhood and innocence destroyed and changed his identity as a result of his experiences during the Holocaust. Vladek Spiegelman, a Polish Jew in the book Maus written by Art Spiegelman, struggles through life during this European catastrophe, but does not portray a memory as affecting as Elie Wiesel’s. Night and the book Maus both contextually focus on survivors of the Holocaust, but Night illustrates a more graphic and realistic memory of this gruesome event. The portrayal of memory†¦show more content†¦Most prisoners became self-focused, only concerned with their own self-preservation. They turned against one another in these horrible situations instead of comforting each other in tim es of difficulty. Elie wants people to understand that this crucial memory of inhumane actions brought upon human beings should not be distorted. Not only did he witness such physical abuse, but he also received the same malicious beatings as every other concentration camp prisoner despite his age and size. Other senseless and inhumane acts were forced upon Elie during his time at Auschwitz which ultimately made him question his own God. The Nazi’s treated all Jewish prisoners like worthless farm animals by putting small amounts of food into a trough for everyone to fight for. Starvation and malnutrition was another obstacle Elie had to overcome. Every prisoner suffered with starving stomachs only to live off of an insufficient amount of tiny pieces of bread and a small bowl of soup. These inhumane living conditions made him question for the rest of his life if God even existed. He questions himself throughout the book how a supreme being, an all-powerful and all-knowing God can allow such slaughter and terror upon the human race. Throughout his book Night, Elie Wiesel tries to remain optimistic as to why God is doing this by stating, â€Å"God is testing us. He wants us to see whether we are capable of overcoming our basic instincts, of killing the Satan within ourselvesShow MoreRelatedFACEBOOK case study Essay11495 Words   |  46 Pagescurrent challenges were brought about by Jobs’ revolution of th e mobile industry. Today, Zuckerberg would attempt to engage an audience with a new product in a manner similar to Jobs’ flashy introductions of new innovations. Zuckerberg opened with a review of Facebook’s mission and described the structure of the company’s current social ecosystem. Two current products, Timeline and News Feed, represented two of the three pillars supporting the Facebook ecosystem. These two products allow users to viewRead MoreBelonging Essay4112 Words   |  17 PagesStephen, Billy Elliot Making Multicultural Australia, www.multiculturalaustralia.edu.au It is also suggested you choose 3-4 related texts as you will have more to discuss. You do not have to read a full book; a story from an anthology can be enough. You can also choose a poem, a picture book, film or photographs. Remember though that you will need to discuss at length the relevance of the chosen piece to write about how belonging is represented in the text, how are the ideas about belonging broughtRead MoreEvil in Roberto Benignis Life Is Beautiful4016 Words   |  17 Pagesunconvincing and self-congratulatory and accusing Benigni of perpetrating a Holocaust denial (Denby 96). A cartoon of a despairing concentration camp prisoner holding an Oscar statuette accompanied Denby s New Yorker review. Art Spiegelman, the author of the Holocaust comic book series Maus, drew the cartoon and called the film a banalization of the Holocaust (Polese 1). Benigni had prepared for potential criticism by inviting Marcello Pezzetti of the Center for Contemporary Hebrew DocumentationRead MoreDuchess Of Malf Open Learn10864 Words   |  44 Pagesof Malfi was first performed. James would wholeheartedly have endorsed the sentiments expressed in Antonio’s opening speech; indeed, he had himself produced a comparable description of the ideal royal court in his book on kingship, Basilikon Doron (Greek for Royal Gift) (1599). The book is addressed to his eldest son and heir Prince Henry, and advises him to take great care in choosing his chief courtiers: see that they bee of a good fame and without blemish: otherwise, what can the people thinkeRead MoreCost Accounting134556 Words   |  539 Pagesâ€Å"+† enlarges your page. The magnifying glass containing â€Å"–† reduces your page. 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Seclusion in Mental Health free essay sample

Seclusion is a clinical intervention used in psychiatric inpatient settings that focuses on the management of violent and aggressive behaviour when the behaviour compromises the safety of the service user and others. The therapeutic effect of seclusion has always been a controversial issue in psychiatry. Some consider seclusion to be necessary and therapeutic for the control of violent behaviour while others consider it a violation of human rights and a form of punishment. In the DHB inpatient unit it is seen as a necessary evil and is used as a last resort in managing severely disturbed and aggressive behaviour. In recent years great effort has been made in national and international level to reduce seclusion use and there are strict guidelines both in law and policy determining how it is to be used. Definition The New Zealand Health and Disability Service standards define seclusion as â€Å"where a consumer is placed alone in a room or area, at any time and for any duration, from which they cannot freely exit†. We will write a custom essay sample on Seclusion in Mental Health or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Ministry of Health, 2008) â€Å"Seclusion involves: Containment – a person is contained within a room where the door is shut and the freedom to exit is decided by staff. Isolation – the person is in the room alone. Reduction of sensory input – the room is reasonably bare, often containing no more than a bed and sometimes a toilet† (Mental Health Commission, 2004) History Because of its intrusive nature and the potential for misuse, interventions such as seclusion or physical restraints are always been a controversial issue in psychiatric history. In 18th century patients who proved difficult to control were often isolated for long periods (sometimes many years) and were frequently also maintained in physical restraints. Seclusion was implemented as a punishment, to intimidate and exclude.

Women and Dating an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Women and Dating What is dating? How do we understand it? What are some of the reasons women date? Whom should we date? Where should we go for dating? What should we do on a date? How far may we go in our touching and kissing? Where do we draw the line? How do we know where to draw the line? These are questions we hope to tackle. Need essay sample on "Women and Dating" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Speaking of dating, it is just recent in origin, as no record in ancient writings about it. It is a development of the past few hundred years in Western culture. Dating is defined as the middle stage in the process of finding a suitable mate. Usually, dating comes between being friends and getting engaged, so no define, establish, exclusive relationship yet.. Women often send out conflicting signals about the seriousness of their dating. They look at it in different perspective. When they are confronted by their parents they often insist that dating is just "for fun." But to their confidant, on the other hand, they are more likely to treat dating as pretty serious business. Generally these conflicting signals reflect some of the confusions which they experience within themselves as they deal with and try to understand their own emotions. Or often times they send a wrong signal if they were not sure if such dating would end up something to serious engagement or not. There is a wait and see trial. What is the purpose of dating? Women believe that there could be a point in it because it would prepare one to a real relationship. For it is assume to some degree that when you go out with someone with the intent of getting married. Like one could learn from her mistakes and get more idea of what good and bad things to do in a relationship. Though personally, women date to respond to the pressure that at a certain age, at least they have already been dated by somebody. At least when peers met, they have also their story to tell. And for those who are really use to it, just for fun and experience, and also to be proud of that she had gone through it several times already. But for others, it is really for seriously considering the right man for marriage. Hoever, if dating is taken without serious consideration to marriage Harris,J ( 1997) said it can usually skip the friendship stage of a relationship, where one can really know each other in a real sense. It also often mistaken a physical relationship for love; if done carelessly it can also distract young adults from their primary responsibility of preparing for the future. So there goes dating. Whom then should one date? Will she just date anybody who proposes a date? If for fun, yes. But may it never be, one needs not to count her fingers to be able to know the right man. Dating your best friend, whom you really know personally and had spent time in discussions, quarrel and able to reconcile, who disappointed her several times yet able to ask for forgiveness is the best and only man should one date. If one goes out for dating, it should be the person whom he/she had in mind to marry. The one whom to some degree has a personal knowledge already, and not just any caller. Playing games should be out of the question. Seriousness must be the game, and not trial and error. How far then the two should go if they date? Will a woman just allow any form of physical intimacy apart from marriage? The Bible is never against sex. But sex is designed within the marriage bed. If there has been no wedding, then love and sex become hostile to each other.. If sex is done outside marriage it is usually done hurriedly and secretly under undignified circumstances. Thus the experience does not make love blossom and flower, but makes it wither away.(Trobisch, W. In fact having sex before marriage does not make both one flesh, as they are alienated from each other and bitterness begins to creep in. Why not flesh? Becausethey usually lack a purpose or a clear destination. In most cases especially when they are younger, dasting is a short term, serving the needs of the moment. People date because they want to enjoy the emotional and physical benefits of intimacy without the responsibility of real commitment. For a man maybe, when they engage into it, it is a triumph, a vic tory, they can prove that they are truly man. Which then is very selfish. But to women who allow this in their dating, usually at the losing end. She lost her virginity, she might be pregnant, guilt will be following her. Besides, it is always a good thing to tell the children ones both are ,married, that they have never engage to physical intimacy not until they were both wed. The example they set, will warrant them to have authority over their children to encourage and instruct them not to engage in it. Beside the fact that a peaceful mind and a clear conscience without baggages in marriage is very commendable. BIBLIOGRAPHY Harris, Joshua. 1997. I Kissed Dating Goodbye. USA:Multnomah Publishers, Inc. Trobisch,Walter. 1960.I Married You. Austria: Baden-Baden.Editions Trobisch